Chancellors' Challenge
Course Number: NO314/PO314
Subject: Interdisciplinary
Search tips
Using AND, OR, NOT
Using truncation
Using search words effectively
See all the Library's help tutorials.
Primary Sources
A primary source is generally defined as document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. These sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.
Where do I find primary sources?
For this course, while it is not impossible that you could come across a physical primary source in someone's possession, or in a library, archive, or museum, your focus should be on digital reproductions.
Library subscriptions
Laurier has many commercial primary source collections, the following of which might be helpful for this course depending on your topic:
Libraries, Archives, and Museums
- National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation Archives
- Library and Archives Canada (limit to Available Online)
Regional Collections
- Arca - British Columbia
- BAnQ Numérique - Quebec
- McGill University Digital Collectons
- Memorial University Digital Archives - Newfoundland and Labrador
- Open Collections - University of British Columbia
- Digital Collections - Simon Fraser University
- Digital Archive - Toronto Public Library
- Digital Collections - University of Manitoba
Other
- Canadian Letters and Images - Vancouver Island University
- Canadian Military Oral Histories - University of Victoria
- Editorial Cartoons Collection - Simon Fraser University
Primary sources - newspapers
Primary sources - Government information
For in-depth and expert assistance in locating government information, contactL
- Hélène LeBlanc - Librarian for Government Information / Political Science
For this course, the following sources might be helpful to your Challenge.
Custom Google search
Use this custom Google search across federal, provincial and municipal sites; results can be filtered by level of governments.
Federal
Digitized archives
- Canada Declassified - declassified government records - University of Toronto
- Canada Gazette - 1841-1997 - Official newspapers of the Government of Canada
- Canada Year Book Historical Collection - 1867-1967 - Statistical Yearbook
- Canadian Hansard 1901-2019 - Canadian Parliamentary debates
- Canadian Parliamentary Historical Resources
- Indian Affairs Annual Reports - 1864-1990
Secondary Sources
While there are several ways to effectively search for primary sources, for this course searching Omni should be enough.
Books
- Finding print books in Omni
- Requesting print books from other libraries in Omni
- Finding ebooks in Omni
- If you see an interesting title in a bibliography, see how to Search Omni by title
Articles
JSTOR
Searching JSTOR can be helpful since it searches for your terms across the entire full text of all the journal contents, not just the metadata (author, title, subject, etc.) that Omni searches. Keep in mind:
- JSTOR has over 2000 journal titles, but the Library subscribes to many more than this, so also search Omni (and then link to the full text in other databases)
- you can also search JSTOR for primary sources, since all the content is for the very first issue of each title
Subject databases
The Library subscribes to a large variety of subject-based databases.
Images and Attribution
Since your Timeline or StoryMap will be openly available online, it is best to use images that are either in the Public Domain, or where the copyright holder has relinquished the rights through a Creative Commons (CC) license. Images with these rights can be located using the following database:
- Openverse (includes Wikimedia Commons and Flickr, but has additional sources.
- All content is under a Creative Commons license or is in the public domain.
MLA citation examples:
"Welcome to Canada's Parliament" by bobsled, 2008 (Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0), https://flic.kr/p/6NJFME
"Peace Arch, U.S.-Canada border" by Waqcku, 2007 (Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peace_Arch,_U.S.-Canada_border.jpg