Guides to common citation styles and citation conventions for specific subject areas. APA styleOverviewHow to cite in APA styleQuick guidesAPA Reference Guide (pdf, from APA)APA Style reference examples (from APA)APA formatting and style (from Purdue OWL)How to use sources (APA) (from Laurier's Writing Centre)Full guidePublication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition) - in print onlySample journal using APA styleJournal of Abnormal PsychologyMLA styleOverviewHow to cite in MLA styleQuick guideMLA style overview (from Purdue OWL)Complete guideMLA handbook for writers of research papers, 8th editionSample journal using MLA styleCollege EnglishChicago or Turabian styleOverviewTurabian Style is based on the guidelines for Chicago Manual of Style, with modifications for the student writer. Chicago has two style options, the notes-bibliography style and the reference list style.How to cite in Chicago style (Laurier Library video)Quick guideChicago Style quick guideFull guideKate Turabian's Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 8th edition, print locationChicago Manual of Style Online, 17th editionSample journals using Turabian stylePublic Opinion QuarterlyModern PhilologyCSE styleOverviewHow to cite in CSE styleQuick guidesCSE style -formerly CBE style (from the University of Guelph)Full guideScientific style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers (online)see also: Guide to BioScience StyleSample journal using CBE styleBioScienceASA styleQuick guideQuick tips for ASA style (from ASA)ASA Style: reference page formatting (from Purdue OWL)Full guideAmerican Sociological Association style guide. 5th edition. (Waterloo campus) (Brantford campus)Sample journal article using ASA styleUsing the sociological imagination to teach about academic integrityGovernment publicationsBasic examplesA typical Canadian government publication citation gives information about the document's issuing agency or department, its title, its personal and corporate authors, as well as other information such as its agency report number and series number.Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control. Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada, 2008. By Edward Ellis et al. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2009, (Cat. No. HP37-4/2008).Adapting government publications citations to fit other stylesThese citations must then be adapted to fit APA, MLA, and Chicago style conventions. Click on the links below to see citations for a variety of government publications, including parliamentary debates, committee reports, annual reports, and statistics. Note that all citations require hanging indents in your bibliographies.APA (courtesy of the Simon Fraser University Library)PrintCanada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control. (2009). Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada, 2008. (Report No. HP37-4/2008). Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada.ElectronicCanada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control. (2009). Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada, 2008. (Report No. HP37-4/2008). Retrieved from Public Health Agency of Canada website: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/id-mi/index-eng.phpMLA (courtesy of the Simon Fraser University Library)PrintCanada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control. Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada, 2008. Comp. Edward Ellis et al. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2009. Print.ElectronicCanada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control. Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada, 2008. Comp. Edward Ellis et al. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2009. Public Health Agency of Canada. Web. 30 July 2012.Chicago (CMS) / Turabian (courtesy of the Simon Fraser University Library)PrintCanada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control. Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada, 2008. Prepared by Edward Ellis et al. (Report No. HP37-4/2008). Ottawa, Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2008.ElectronicCanada. Public Health Agency of Canada. Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control. Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Canada, 2008. Prepared by Edward Ellis et al. (Report No. HP37-4/2008). Ottawa, Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2008. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tbpc-latb/pubs/tbdrc08/pdf/tbdrc08-eng.pdfOther guidesGarner, Diane, et al. The Complete Guide to Citing Government Information Sources: A Manual for Writers & Librarians. Rev. ed. Bethesda, MD: Congressional Information Service, 2002. locationSee also: How to cite Statistics Canada productsData and statisticsCitation models for data and statistics have not been completely standardized. Some prominent style manuals (e.g., APA) give direction on how to build these citations, while others (e.g., Chicago or Turabian, MLA) do not. This document will help you build these citations, but since there are different interpretations on citing data and statistics, it is recommended that you speak to your instructor about your references during the research process.If your professor has not specified a citation style, then you may want to use the APA format, which gives the clearest directions on citing data in your work.Citation elements for data and statisticsMost citations will contain the following pieces of information, which identify the resource and indicate how to access it:Author(s), who may be people or an organizationYear of Publication, which is often different from the year the data was collectedTitle of the ResourceVersion of the Resource (if available), which may be a serial number or a simple âVersion Xâ statementFormat of the Resource, which indicates which part of the resource you used, e.g., [Data file]Retrieval Information, which may include publisher or distributor information and location, and persistent URLs. The availability of this information varies from resource to resource, and the required elements are dependent on your citation style.Citing data and statistics in common citation stylesThe following citation guidelines are keyed to their style manualsâ relevant sections for building references for data and statistics. Note that all citations require hanging indents in your bibliographies.APAThe APA Publication Manual provides a standard model for datasets (7.08). The only required information in the retrieval statement is a web address.Standard modelAuthor(s). (Year). Title of resource (Version) [Format]. Retrieval Information.Dataset(e.g., an entire dataset or a subset from a repository such as <odesi>, or a table you have created from this data)Kerker, B., & Eisenhower, D. (2010). New York City community health survey, 2002 (ICPSR27064-v1) [Data file]. Retrieved from https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/27064/versions/V1Statistics Canada. (2006). Canadian community health survey, 2005: cycle 3.1, main file [Data file]. Retrieved from search2.odesi.ca/Statistical tables(e.g., a table you downloaded from CANSIM, EuroStat, World Development Indicators, etc.)Statistics Canada. (2012). Table 127-0002 â Electric power generation, by class of electricity producer, monthly (megawatt hour) [Table]. Retrieved from http://cansim2.statcan.ca/N.B. Statistics Canada's How to Cite Statistics Canada Products lists more examples of data and statistical sources (e.g. data visualization tools; data tables with OR without a Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs); infographics; journal articles; videos) in APA style.Chicago (Turabian)The Chicago Manual of Style does not have a standard citation model for data and statistics. However, it suggests using the citation format for books as a framework to build citations for other resources (14.68), and to include publisher and retrieval information (i.e., âfacts of publicationâ) when possible (14.69). It is recommended to add version and format information when available even though Chicago does not ask for it.Recommended modelAuthor(s). Title of Resource. (Version). [Format]. Publisher/Distributor Information, Year. Retrieval Information.Dataset(e.g., an entire dataset or a subset from a repository such as <odesi>, or a table you have created from this data)Kerker, Bonnie, and Donna Eisenhower. New York City Community Health Survey, 2002. (ICPSR27064-v1). [Data file]. Ann Arbor, MI: ICPSR [distributor], 2010. https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/27064/versions/V1Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2005: Cycle 3.1, Main File. [Data file]. Toronto: <odesi> [distributor], 2006. https://search2.odesi.ca/#/Statistical tables(e.g., a table you downloaded from CANSIM, EuroStat, World Development Indicators, etc.)Statistics Canada. Table 127-0002 â Electric Power Generation, by Class of Electricity Producer, Monthly (Megawatt Hour). [Table]. Ottawa: Statistics Canada [Producer], 2012. https://doi.org/10.25318/2510001501-eng.MLAThe MLA Handbook does not have a standard citation model for data and statistics. However, its general model for web publications (5.6) can be adapted to fit the needs of these resources. It is recommended to add format information and a persistent URL even though MLA does not ask for it.Recommended modelAuthor(s). Title of resource. Version. Format. Retrieval Information, Publication Year. Web. Date of access. <URL>.Dataset(e.g., an entire dataset a subset from a repository such as <odesi>, or a table you have created from this data)Kerker, Bonnie, and Donna Eisenhower. New York City Community Health Survey, 2002. Version ICPSR27064-v1. Data file. ICPSR, 2010. Web. 20 June 2012. <https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/27064/versions/V1>.Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2005: Cycle 3.1, Main File. Data File. <odesi>, 2010. Web. 20 June 2012. <https://search2.odesi.ca/>.Statistical tables(e.g., a table you downloaded from CANSIM, EuroStat, World Development Indicators, etc.)Statistics Canada. Table 127-0002 â Electric Power Generation, by Class of Electricity Producer, Monthly (Megawatt Hour). Table. CANSIM, 2012. Web. 20 June 2012. <http://cansim2.statcan.ca/>.HelpFor help accessing data and statistics, consult our data and statistics subject guide.MusicWhat and when to citeCite your source whenever you refer to someone else's:ideaswordssoundsimagesmediaResourcesChicago Style for Music (University of Saskatchewan)Citing Music: Chicago Style (University of Manitoba)Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition (complete manual)note: Documentation I: Notes and BibliographyWriting about Music: A Style Sheetsee the chapter on citationsBusiness and Economics Business citation (York University)Economics data and statisticsLegal citationLegal citation