Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Read about the process in this book:

Campbell, A., Taylor, B. & McGlade, A. (2017). Reviewing the literature. In Transforming Social Work Practice Series: Research design in social work (pp. 9-26). 55 City Road, London: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781473909618.n2

See this example of a literature review:

Kader, S. (2016). Development of hospice environmental assessment protocol (HEAP): A post occupancy evaluation tool.  (chapters 2 and 4; page 63 for methodology)

In general, when looking for previous research in spiritual care and psychotherapy, you will be consulting and citing three formats:

journal articles

Hansen, K. L., Nielsen, S. L., Erekson, D. M., Fischer, L., Pedersen, T. R., & Smith, T. B. (2023). Effects of religious and spiritual struggles on psychotherapy process and outcome. Spirituality in Clinical Practice. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000343

books

Pargament, K. I. & Exline, J. J. (2022). Working with spiritual struggles in psychotherapy: from research to practice. The Guilford Press.

book chapters

Khan, S. (2022). A Sufi Muslim model of spiritually integrative psychotherapy. In Spiritual diversity in psychotherapy: Engaging the sacred in clinical practice (pp. 113–136). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000276-006

A library database is an online searchable collection of information, often in the form of references to articles, books, and book chapters (but also newspaper articles, thesis, music, etc). These examples offer a glimpse of how databases are used.

Dissertation

Lee, J. (2015). The effects of music on pain: A review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (see page 33)

Scholarly Article

Alvarenga, W., Leite, A., Oliveira, M., Nascimento, L., Silva-Rodrigues, F., Nunes, M., & Carvalho, E. (2017). The Effect of Music on the Spirituality of Patients: A Systematic Review. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 36(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010117710855

Systematic Review

• Spain D, Sin J, Paliokosta E, Furuta M, Prunty JE, Chalder T, Murphy DG, Happé FG. Family therapy for autism spectrum disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD011894. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011894.pub2. (see Methods, and Appendix 1)

1. Tutorial: Developing a research question: for graduate students
2. Consider word variations and synonyms
   • think about how others might refer to your ideas
   • e.g, child death, perinatal death, neonatal death, stillbirth, sudden infant death, etc.

1. Employ search limiters (available limiters depend on the database)
   • peer reviewed, article type, date
   • e.g, in PsycInfo, can include: age group, population group, methodology
2. Identify key publications and authors
   • note citations, and cited references, repeated author names
3. Document and track everything you do in the steps above

Tutorial: Finding books in Omni
Tutorial: Requesting books from other libraries in Omni

• Start with known titles
  • Hendricks, K. S. (Ed.). (2023). The Oxford Handbook of Care in Music Education. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197611654.001.0001
  • Edwards, J. (2016). The Oxford handbook of music therapy. Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.001.0001
• Search with Omni
  • limit to "Books and eBooks"
  • use call number (e.g. to find location of Laurier's print items)
  • sign in to request from other Omni libraries
    • use Scan on Demand for chapters or articles
  • Tip: Search within ebook collections to search within the full text of eBooks (as opposed to searching titles in Omni)
    • Ebook Central (Proquest)
    • Academic Collection (ESBCO)

Tutorial: Finding scholarly articles on a topic

Search in Omni

• limit to "Articles" and "Peer-reviewed journals"
• article content in Omni is not chosen or curated, but dumped in, i.e, it may not have everything on a particular topic.

Databases for Spiritual Care and Psychotherapy

Other interdisciplinary subject databases that may be helpful depending on your topic

• ERIC (education)
• SPORTDiscus (kinesiology)
• MEDLINE (medical)
• Sociology Collection
• Web of Science

Other considerations

• You can "hand-search" journal publications
• There are other subject-based databases that might be relevant to your search area, such as Education or Sociology
• If you already know the title of an article, you can search for it in Omni
  • Finding an article when you only know the title

Predatory journals are a global threat. They accept articles for publication — along with authors’ fees — without performing promised quality checks for issues such as plagiarism or ethical approval. (Grudniewicz, A., Moher, D., Cobey, K. D., Bryson, G. L., Cukier, S., Allen, K., & Ardern, C. (2019). Predatory journals: no definition, no defence. Nature, 576(7786), 210+)

• Rising number of ‘predatory’ academic journals undermines research and public trust in scholarship (The Conversation, Sept. 19, 2023)
• Google News search for "predatory journals"
• International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health (example)
• Beall's list (wikipedia page)
• Think. Check. Submit.

Examples

Greenhalgh, T. (2019). How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine and Healthcare. (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Grant, M., & Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x

• Use Sage Reference to learn about research methodologies, e.g, action research, grounded theory, or literature reviews, e.g.,
  • Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory
  • Sage Handbook of Ethnography
  • Sage Handbook of Narrative Inquiry
  • Sage Handbook of Performance Studies
  • NOTE: Laurier does not own all Sage Handbooks online

Dissertations and theses may be considered scholarly sources since they are closely supervised by a dissertation committee made up of scholars, are directed at an academic audience, are extensively researched, follow research methodology, and are cited in other scholarly work.

However, dissertations are still considered student work and are not peer-reviewed. Always clarify with your instructor as to whether you can include and cite dissertations and theses in your research.

• ProQuest Dissertations & Theses

The Laurier Library owns print copies of the APA Style Guide, but not the electronic version. Most information you will need to guide you for this class will be found on the APA Style guide website.

Remember that the APA Style Guide is more than just information on how to cite, it is also prescribes rules about how to write. Since in this class you are reviewing anti-oppressive principals, consider the APA guidelines:

• APA Bias Free Language Guidelines